Kingdom: Protista

 Kingdom: Protista :

General Characters :

1.      These are microscopic unicellular or acellular animals .

2.      These are aquatic, found in fresh water or marine, some are found in damp soil and some are parasitic.

3.      Body is made up of a mass of protoplasm

4.      Presence of one or many nuclei.

5.      Locomotory organs are pseudopodia, cilia or flagella.

6.      Respiration and excretion occur through general body surface by diffusion.

7.      In freshwaters osmoregulation by contractile vacuoles.

8.      Nutrition is generally, holozoic or holophytic or saprozoic or sometimes parasitic.

9.      Reproduction sexual or asexual
 
Kingdom Protista includes the following  four phyla

Phylum -Sarcodina, 
Phylum - Ciliophora, 
Phylum - Zoomastigina 
Phylum - Sporozoa

AMOEBA :

Kingdom - Protista               Eukaryotic , unicellular, reproduces asexually

Phylum-     Protozoa             Microscopic unicellular animal

Class-        Rhizopoda          Locomotory organ pseudopodia

Order-       Lobosa                        Presence of short, blunt and lobe-like Pseudopodia

Type-         Amoeba proteus

 Characters:

1. Amoeba is found in freshwater bodies like ponds, streams, ditch where bacteria

            and decaying organic matter is rich.

1. The body is covered with a thin semi-permeable membrane called as plasmalemma.
2. Protoplasm is divisible into an outer ectoplasm and inner endoplasm.
3. Presence of single nucleus and single contractile vacuole.
4. Pseudopodia are locomotory organs that are short and blunt lobe like
5. Reproduction is asexual by binary fission.

PARAMOECIUM :

·         Kingdom - Protista                        Eukaryotic , unicellular, reproduction sexual as well as asexual.

·         Phylum -    Protozoa                      Microscopic unicellular animal

·         Class-        Cilliata                         Cillia are chief locomotory organs

·         Order-       Holotricha                   Cillia are distributed all over the body.

·         Genus        Paramoecium

·         Species      caudutum        

CHARACTERS

1. It is commonly called a slipper animal because of its shape.
2. Paramoecium is found in freshwater bodies like ponds, streams, and ditches where bacteria and decaying organic matter are rich.
3. Body is covered with pellicles and cilia.
4. Cilia are the chief locomotory organs.
5. Cytoplasm is divisible into outer ectoplasm and inner endoplasm.  Endoplasm shows the presence  two nuclei, one is larger called macronucleus and the smaller is called micronucleus.
6. Presence of two contractile vacuoles and many food vacuoles in the cytoplasm.
7. Trichocysts are organs of offense and defense.
8. Reproduction sexually as well as asexually.  Sexual reproduction by means of conjugation and asexual reproduction by transverse binary fission.

EUGLENA

Kingdom - Protista                    Eukaryotic reproduction is sexual as well as asexual.

Phylum-     Protozoa                      microscopic unicellular animal

Class-        Mastigophora             Presence of locomotory organ flagellum.

Order-       Euglenoidina               Flagella is much longer.

Type -        Euglena

 

CHARACTERS

1.Euglena is freshwater flagellate found in pond, streams, ditches, and pools 

.2.Body is spindle-shaped and green-colored.

3. cytoplasm is divisible into outer ectoplasm and inner endoplasm.

4. Endoplasm contains a nucleus, chloroplast, and pyrenoids.  Single contractile vacuole,

5. Cytoplasm shows chloroplast presence of chloroplast.

6. Locomotion by means of the flagellum.

7.Euglena is saprophytic or holophytic in nutrition.

8.Reproduction  by binary fission

Dr, Vidhin Kamble 
Department of Zoology
Sangola College, Sangola